Exploring the Characteristics of CNC Machining Materials

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining is a critical factor for building and shaping high-precision components. The applications range across manufacturing industries, from medical device creation to the needs of the aerospace industry.

Material selection plays the most important role for all of these pieces—impacting the performance, feasibility, and durability of manufactured products. When the most reliable components need to be built, manufacturers often look to stainless steel, a machining metal with exceptional properties. 

Key Factors in Selecting CNC Machining Materials

Now, of course, stainless steel isn’t the only material used throughout manufacturing. Some applications call for components made of aluminum, titanium, Inconel, cast iron and even specialty plastics. 

So, how do you choose the right CNC machining materials for your application? There are many factors to consider before a component’s material is settled on. Here are a few of the main considerations:

• Mechanical properties of the material
• Hardness and tensile strength of the material
• Machinability
• Thermal properties such as heat resistance and thermal expansion
• Corrosion resistance
• Cost and availability of the CNC material

When a manufacturer chooses the material for a project, they will look at all these factors and look at the planned CNC machining process. Sometimes, they will discuss the requirements with the CNC manufacturer, like M2M—especially considering the benchmarks for the component, performance needs, and expectations. 

Once a material is decided upon, the CNC machining process begins, whether the component requires turning, welding, or milling. Even prototype components must be built from the appropriate materials to ensure they are best suited for the job.

The Importance of Stainless Steel in CNC Machining

One go-to machining metal across many sectors and projects is stainless steel. Stainless steel resists corrosion, stands up to tough environments, and performs optimally in applications where hygiene and durability are critical. 

The widespread availability and affordability of stainless steel make it the preferred material for many different projects. Some areas where stainless steel is particularly prevalent include medical and industrial applications.

Medical Applications

Stainless steel has excellent sanitary properties. It resists corrosion and is easy to sterilize. These factors make stainless steel a preferred material for CNC manufacturing of medical devices, components, and surgical instruments. 

Stainless steel is biocompatible, meaning it’s safe for applications that go inside the human body, such as implants and prosthetics. Stainless is commonly used in surgical tools, orthopedic implants and devices, and a wide range of diagnostic equipment. 

The grades of stainless steel include 303, 304, 316, and 17-4 PH, each having significant properties and applications in medical environments. 

Industrial Applications

Stainless steel’s strength and corrosion resistance also make it an ideal choice for industrial equipment and machine components that need to stand up to harsh environments. 

In industrial work, stainless steel is often the go-to material for valves, pumps, and high-performance components. The material supports the intricate designs and tight tolerances required for industrial applications. 

Additional Materials Processed by M2M

While stainless steel is one of the go-to material choices in CNC manufacturing, there are many other materials that we work with at M2M. Depending on the job, projects may require:

• Inconel: A superalloy that resists heat and corrosion. Inconel is often used in the aerospace and marine industries and can commonly be found in turbine blades. Inconel requires advanced CNC machining techniques due to its strength.
• Brass: Brass CNC machining material is highly workable and corrosion-resistant with excellent electrical conductivity. Brass is often used for precision instruments, fittings, and electrical components. 
• Aluminum (Billet & Cast): Aluminum is a lightweight material that is highly machinable. It’s used for many applications in aerospace, automotive, and electronics. 
• Delrin/Plastic: Engineered plastics offer a reliable material option for CNC machining. The durability and low friction make it very reliable. Plastics can also be a preferred choice in certain environments. Often, plastics are used in medical devices and lightweight precision industrial applications. 
• Cast Iron: Known for its durability and excellent wear resistance, cast iron is often used in heavy machinery, automotive components, and industrial applications. While challenging to machine due to its brittleness, it offers significant strength and vibration-damping properties. 
• Titanium: A lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and high-strength material. Its excellent fatigue resistance makes it ideal for aerospace, medical, and high-performance automotive applications. CNC machining of titanium requires precise techniques due to its toughness.

The Role of CNC Machining in Material Processing

CNC machining is a top manufacturing method thanks to its ability to produce high precision and consistency across many different materials. Materials like stainless steel are the most common option, but depending on the application’s requirements, there are many other CNC machining materials.

What’s more, CNC machining materials are typically corrosion-resistant, strong, and sustainable. M2M is proud to be at the forefront of industry advancements in CNC machining techniques—with an array of different materials. 

Whether the component calls for stainless steel’s strength, corrosion resistance, and versatility, or the lightweight of aluminum and plastic, we can help. M2M’s expertise in stainless steel and other important materials can help you get the high-precision components you need for almost any industry—from lifesaving medical devices to durable industrial machinery. 

If you’re wondering about the best CNC materials for your project, reach out. We can help you discover the best options for milling and turning reliable components for the needs of your business.